volume Number 11، number In Volume 2، Summer 2018 ، issue Number 40

Examine the Stylistics and Structural and Content of Conundrum and Riddles In Osman Mokhtari`s Poems

Ali Asqar Baba Safari(Author in Charge), Parvin Zia KHodadadian

Abstract

Conundrums and Riddles are type’s of lyrical literature that have been considered through ages both by poets and their audiences.The poet introduces original ideas through conundrums and riddles and challenges the mind of the reader by using imagery ‘metaphors and similies.Osman Mokhtari 5th and 6th century elegist ‘attention to this literary style and various kinds of conundrums and riddles can be found in his work . As this kind of conundrums and riddles have not been studied before ‘ this article will examine the content and structure of conundrums and riddles in Osman Mokhtari’s poems.

The results demonstrate that Osman Mokhtari has created the significant examples of riddles and conundrums within a variety of literary rhythms and frameworks and done it artistically . In writing poems ‘ the poet benefits frome the various kinds of literary sciences and rhythms ‘ moreover through exploring his poetry ‘ no instance of riddles has been found.

Keyword
Poem , Osman Mokhtari , Conundrum , riddle , Structure , Content’Style

• The Holy Quran, translated by Abdul Mohammad Ayati, Tehran: Soroush Publishing
• Razi, Shamsuddin Mohammad Ibn Qais (2015), Dictionary in the criteria of Ajam poems, By the efforts of Jalaluddin Homayi and Naser al-Din Shah Hosseini, Tehran: Zehn Aviz Publishing
• Khalaf Tabrizi, Mohammad Hossein (2014), Decisive Argument, by Mohammad Moein, Tehran: Amirkabir Publishing
• Radwiani, Mohammad Ibn Omar (1949), Translator of Balagha, by Ahmad Atash, Istanbul: Ibrahim Khoros Printing House
• Hashemi, Seyed Alireza (2011), Chistan, acceptable yesterday, neglected today, Tehran: Soroush Publishing
• Borjsaz, Gh (), Chistan, The First Manifestation of Paradoxical Images in Persian Poetry, Persian Language and Literature Quarterly, No39.
• Watawat, Rashid al-Din Muhammad Omari, the scribe of Balkhi, Hadaiq al-Sahar in the minutes of poetry, corrected by Abbas Iqbal, Tehran: Majles Press
• Mokhtari Ghaznavi, Osman Ibn Omar (2012), Divan of Osman Mokhtari, by Jalaluddin Homayi, Tehran:Almi va Farhangi Publications
• Zolfaghari, H. (2013), Morphology of Local Poetic Riddles, Quarterly Journal of Popular Culture and Literature, Volume 1, Number 1
• Shamisa, Sirus (2003), Poetry Stylistics, Tehran: Ferdows Publishing
• Seyed Gharab, A. (2000), 《The evolution and application of what is in Persian poetry》, Danesh Publishing Magazine, No. 96
• Homayi, Jalaluddin (1992), Rhetoric and Literary Crafts, Eighth Edition, Tehran: Homa Publishing
• Slogan, Jafar and Anvari, Hassan (1990), Selection of Roudaki Poems, Fourth Edition, Tehran: Amirkabir Publishing
• Injui Shirazi, Jamaluddin Hussein bin Fakhreddin Hassan, (1980), Farhang Jahangiri, Mashhad: Mashhad University Press